- Heat the oil in a large, heavy-bottom saucepan or Dutch oven over medium. Add the onion, celery, bell peppers, carrot, garlic, the minced jalapeño, and ½ teaspoon kosher salt. Cook, stirring occasionally, until the vegetables are softened, about 10 minutes. 
- Add the chili powder, cumin, oregano, the rest of the kosher salt, and cayenne pepper, stir well so all of the vegetables are coated, and cook for 5 minutes, stirring often so the spices don't burn. Add the tomatoes with their juices, and 1 cup water, bring to a simmer and cook for 20 minutes until the broth reduces and thickens. 
- Add the rinsed and drained beans, corn, and chopped cilantro with the lime juice. Cook for 5-10 minutes for the beans to warm through and absorb the broth. Taste for seasoning and add more salt, if needed, and another pinch of cayenne pepper for more heat. 
- Serve topped with shredded cheddar cheese, sour cream, the rest of the jalapeño, chopped green onion, and more cilantro.